Before talking
about what we should eat before a workout, what about not eating at all?
A popular fat-burning strategy is to exercise first thing in the
morning on an empty stomach. In his book Body for Life, Bill
Phillips states that performing 20 minutes of intense aerobic exercise
after an overnight fast has greater effects on fat loss than performing
an entire hour of cardio in a sated state.
Indeed, there is
evidence that training on an empty gut can increase fat oxidation and
allow greater mobilization of stored fat for fuel. But using more fat
doesn’t necessarily mean increased fat loss, since most of the fat used
comes from inside muscle cells, not from the fat below the skin. And
once exercise has ended, any fats that are not oxidized will ultimately
return to adipose tissue. This essentially cancels out any fat-burning
benefits of pre-training fasting. And worse, protein from your precious
muscles will be burned for energy as well. A study published in the
Journal of Applied Physiology
found that nitrogen losses from protein breakdown were more than
doubled when training in a fasted state. This is bad news for those
seeking to maximize muscle mass.
To
optimize your performance, you need to eat. Research has established
that carbohydrate intake during exercise delays the onset of fatigue and
improves endurance exercise performance. This happens because carbs
enhance the availability of blood glucose to active muscle. Roughly 70%
of the energy in your pre-workout meal should come from carbs, but
choose
low-glycemic carbs
like oatmeal, veggies or sweet potatoes instead of simple sugars or
candy to avoid wild fluctuations in your blood-sugar levels.
Protein
is the next important nutrient to consider in order to decrease muscle
breakdown during and after your workout. Fat takes the longest to
digest, so a pre-workout meal should be relatively low in fat.
Your
biggest challenge will be knowing how much food you can eat
pre-workout, based on your own experience. Some guys can eat a full meal
an hour before a rigorous workout, while others with more sensitive
guts might have to wait three to four hours. In general, a meal that is
around 500-600 calories and is eaten by a 180-pound man two to three
hours before a workout should be fine. Smaller snacks of 300 calories or
less can be eaten one hour pre-workout, but you should experiment with
the timing and meal size to suit your individual needs.
If
you’re fueling for an intense endurance activity, then more carbs
should be added. Those who are weight-lifting or building muscle should
add more protein. Depending on your activity, the foods listed here will
ensure that you get the best out of your workout.
10. Muscle Oats
Recipe: 1/2
cup steel-cut oats with 1 scoop whey protein
Best for: Endurance exercises. Consume one to two hours before exercise.
Calories: 420;
Protein: 33 g;
Fat: 7 g;
Carbs: 57 g;
Sugars: 2 gSteel-cut
(Irish) oats are the least-processed type of oat cereal and have a
lower glycemic load compared to quick-cooking and instant oats.
Steel-cut oats take a bit more time to cook and they’re a more hearty,
chewy cereal. If you’re not crazy about the texture or extra cooking
time, old-fashion rolled oats have very similar nutritional qualities
and the same glycemic impact as steel-cut oats.
9. Veggie Omelet
Recipe: 2 whole eggs, 2 egg whites, peppers, onions, mushrooms, grapefruit/oatmeal
Best for:
Muscle-building. Consume one to two hours before exercise. For circuit
training or more cardio, add a grapefruit or 1/2 cup rolled oats.
Calories: 321;
Protein: 26 g;
Fat: 18 g;
Carbs: 13 g;
Sugars: 6.47 gThis classic omelet is perfect for those who head to the gym soon after
breakfast.
As far as whole foods go, eggs have the highest bioavailable proteins.
Proteins are given a biological value that measures a protein’s ability
to be used by the body. Eggs are used as the gold standard with a
biological value of 100.
8. Turkey leaf wrap
Recipe: 4 oz turkey chunks or slices, 1 large collard
green leaf, purple onion, red pepper, small tomatoes, 1 tbsp deli
mustard. Smear the leaf with the mustard and top with the remaining
ingredients. Roll and pin with a toothpick.
Best for:
Muscle building. Consume 30 minutes to one hour before exercise. For
circuit training or more cardio, use a whole-grain wrap instead of the
collard green leaf.
Calories: 184;
Protein: 28 g;
Fat: 3 g;
Carbs: 13 g;
Sugars: 6 g.Turkey
is a lean source of protein that is easily digested and won’t cause any
digestive upset during exercise. This variation on the classic wrap
uses a large collard green leaf to reduce the calories and carbs,
perfect for
fat loss programs and
muscle-building routines. It is also ideal for those who abstain from grains and gluten.
7. Bodybuilder Lunch Classic
Recipe: 6 oz grilled chicken with sweet potato and broccoli
Best for: Muscle building and circuit training. Consume two to three hours before exercise.
Calories: 368;
Protein: 59 g;
Fat: 9 g;
Carbs: 37 g;
Sugars: 11 gThere’s a reason why
fitness models
and athletes consume this meal regularly. Each ingredient is at the top
of their class. Lean poultry has high-quality bioavailable protein,
sweet potatoes have complex carbs with added antioxidants, and broccoli
has a treasure trove of vitamins, minerals and healthful phytochemicals.
These foods have everything the body needs to perform at top speed.
It’s a full meal, though, so don't eat it too close to your workout
session.
6. Fruit and Cottage
Recipe: 1/2 cup low-fat cottage cheese with 1/2 cup fresh berries or melon. Add a banana for endurance.
Best for: Endurance or circuit training. Consume 30-60 minutes before exercise
Calories: 117;
Protein: 14 g;
Fat: 0.1 g;
Carbs: 13 g;
Sugars: 6 g
Cottage
cheese has no lactose and is considered an excellent source of protein.
Blueberries and melons provide the vitamins, minerals and antioxidants
needed for your workout. If you need the extra energy for longer
endurance, add a banana. Bananas have more carbs than most other fruits
and contains potassium, a nutrient that is essential for proper nerve
and muscle function. Potassium is important to consider for long,
intense sessions, especially if they're done in hot-weather conditions.
This low-calorie, easily digestible snack is perfect for bridging the
gap between your last meal and your workout.
5. Homemade protein bars
Recipe: 1/2 cup vanilla whey powder, 1/4 cup flaked
coconut, 1/4 cup coconut flour, 1/4 cup milk, 30 g melted 85% dark
chocolate. Mix the protein powder and coconut flour with milk and shape
the batter into bars. Melt the chocolate in a glass bowl on top of a pot
of boiling water. Once melted, dip the bars in the chocolate. Place the
bars in the freezer for 30-45 minutes.
Best for: Muscle building and circuit training. Consume 30-60 minutes before exercise.
Calories: 212;
Protein: 17 g;
Fat: 13 g;
Carbs: 9 g;
Sugars: 3 gNutrition bars are the most convenient pre-workout snack. But watch out --
they can be candy bars in disguise.
Read the nutrition label and ingredient list carefully and make sure
that it contains high-quality protein (hydrolyzed whey or whey isolates)
and is low in sugar. For intense endurance training, choose high-carb
energy bars or natural bars made with whole food ingredients. For
muscle-building workouts, choose a protein bar that has at least 15
grams of protein. If you want a special treat, try making your own
nutrition bars. The toasted coconut and vanilla whey protein bars listed
here are delicious and easy to make. Coconut has heart-healthy
medium-chain triglycerides that can be helpful for those on fat-loss
programs.
4. Yoberries a-go-go
Recipe: 1 cup non-fat vanilla Greek yogurt and 1/2 cup fresh blueberries
Best for: Muscle building and circuit training. For endurance, add a banana. Consume 30-60 minutes before exercise.
Calories: 173;
Protein: 14 g;
Fat: 0.5 g;
Carbs: 28 g;
Sugars: 22 gGreek
yogurt is basically made by straining ordinary yogurt to remove the
whey, resulting in a thicker, creamier product. Compared to regular
yogurt, Greek yogurt has almost double the protein, fewer carbs and half
the sodium. Both types are considered to be good sources of calcium,
but regular yogurt has about three times the amount of Greek yogurt.
Plain, non-fat versions of Greek and regular yogurt have similar calorie
counts per serving and contain similar quantities of beneficial
probiotics. Ditch the flavored yogurt varieties that have added sugar
and add your own fruit instead.
3. Mocha protein shake
Recipe: 1 cup iced coffee with 1 scoop chocolate whey protein
Best for: Muscle building and circuit training. For endurance, add 1 cup cooked rolled oats. Consume 30 minutes before workout.
Calories: 150;
Protein: 26 g;
Fat: 2 g;
Carbs: 7 g;
Sugars: 2 gThis
delicious shake gives you the added kick of caffeine. Research shows
that caffeine can be a powerful ergogenic aid that could permit the
athlete to train at a greater power output and train longer. It has also
been shown to increase speed and power in simulated race conditions.
The effects of caffeine have been found in activities that last as
little as 60 seconds or as long as two hours, with no adverse effects on
hydration or ion balance. When it comes to improving strength, however,
caffeine doesn’t seem to help out much. This protein-enhanced coffee
recipe can be taken minutes before or even during a workout. Liquids are
digested much more rapidly than solid foods, so you don’t need to worry
about stomach upset.
2. Almond butter crunch
Recipe: 2 tbsp almond butter on celery sticks
Best for: Muscle building. For endurance, use whole grain bread. Consume one to two hours before exercise.
Calories: 206;
Protein: 7 g;
Fat: 18 g;
Carbs: 8 g;
Sugars: 3 gNut
butters are a favorite for many athletes because they are packed with
protein and healthy monounsaturated fats. Almond butter contains vitamin
E, potassium, magnesium and iron, calcium, and phosphorus, and is
considered a healthy food choice. Unlike many commercially available
peanut butters, almond butters are mostly minimally processed and have
no added salt, sugars or fats. Remember that peanuts are not true nuts,
but rather legumes, so they contain certain lectins (peanut agglutinin)
that may disturb your gut lining. For this pre-workout snack, simply
leave a jar of almond butter at work, home or even in the car, and scoop
out a few dollops with a celery stalk. The fresh crisp of the celery
mixed with the soft smooth almond butter makes this a delicious treat
that can be easily overeaten. Be careful.
1. Sweet & spicy trail mix
Recipe: 1 cup raw unsalted nuts (almonds, sunflower
seeds, cashews, walnuts), 1 tbsp olive oil, 1/4 tsp each of cinnamon,
cayenne pepper, chili powder, sea salt, 1 tsp maple syrup. Pre-heat the
oven to 350 F. Slightly roast nuts on a lined baking sheet for 5-10
minutes. Mix olive oil, spices and maple syrup together in a bowl and
add semi-roasted nuts. Return nuts to baking sheet and roast for another
5-10 minutes.
Best for: Muscle building and circuit training. For endurance, add dried fruit. Consume 1-2 hours before exercise.
Calories: 546;
Protein: 20 g;
Fat: 60 g;
Carbs: 23 g;
Sugars: 7 gThanks
to Cosmopolitan Primal Girl for this incredibly easy and
super-delicious treat. Nuts are calorically dense because of their fat
content, but they provide the needed protein and calories for those
wanting to put on muscle mass. But be careful -- they may set you back
if your goal is fat loss. Endurance athletes, use only 1/2 cup of nuts
and add 1/2 cup of dried fruits (raisins, apricots, figs, dates) to
boost the carbs and decrease the fat content. If you decide to buy a
commercially prepared trail mix, skip out on the ones that contain
chocolate-, yogurt- or candy-coated nuts to avoid simple sugars.
Proper
nutrition plays an enormous role in athletic performance, endurance and
recovery. A carefully planned pre-workout meal will enable you to get
the most out of every workout. So prepare your snack or meal in advance,
and feel comfort in the fact that you now have the necessary weapons to
combat fatigue and be at your best during your most grueling workout.